Arthritis encompasses a wide range of conditions with different causes, progression patterns, and treatment approaches. Understanding the specific type of arthritis is crucial for effective management.

Common Types of Arthritis

Causes and Risk Factors

• Age – Risk increases with advancing age
• Genetics – Family history increases susceptibility
• Gender – Women are more likely to develop RA, men more prone to gout
• Previous joint injury – Injuries can lead to post-traumatic arthritis
• Obesity – Excess weight stresses weight-bearing joints
• Infection – Some infections can affect joints
• Occupation – Jobs with repetitive motions or heavy lifting
• Smoking – Increases risk of RA and can worsen symptoms

Arthritis symptoms vary depending on the type but generally involve joint discomfort and inflammation. Early recognition and accurate diagnosis are essential for effective treatment.

Common Symptoms

• Joint pain – Persistent or intermittent discomfort
• Stiffness – Especially noticeable in the morning or after inactivity
• Swelling – Visible inflammation around joints
• Redness and warmth – Signs of inflammation
• Decreased range of motion – Difficulty moving joints through full motion
• Fatigue – Common with inflammatory types like RA
• Fever – May occur with some types of inflammatory arthritis

Diagnostic Process

Arthritis treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and improving joint function. A combination of treatments is often needed to find what works best for you. Treatment plans are tailored to the type of arthritis, severity of symptoms, and overall health.

Medications

Medication Type	Examples	Purpose
Analgesics	Acetaminophen, Tramadol	Pain relief without reducing inflammation
NSAIDs	Ibuprofen, Naproxen	Reduce pain and inflammation
DMARDs	Methotrexate, Hydroxychloroquine	Slow RA progression and save joints
Biologics	Etanercept, Infliximab	Target specific parts of immune system
Corticosteroids	Prednisone, Cortisone	Reduce inflammation and suppress immunity

Therapies and Procedures

Living with arthritis requires daily management strategies to reduce pain, maintain joint function, and improve quality of life. A proactive approach can make a significant difference in symptom control.

Diet and Nutrition

While no specific diet can cure arthritis, certain foods may help reduce inflammation and symptoms. An anti-inflammatory diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, nuts, and whole grains can be beneficial.

• Omega-3 fatty acids – Found in fatty fish like salmon, can help reduce inflammation
• Antioxidant-rich foods – Berries, spinach, and other colorful fruits and vegetables
• Turmeric and ginger – Contain compounds with anti-inflammatory properties
• Calcium and vitamin D – Important for bone health

Exercise and Movement

Regular exercise is essential for managing arthritis. It can reduce pain, improve flexibility, increase range of motion, and help with weight management. Low-impact exercises are generally best for people with arthritis.

Assistive Devices and Home Modifications

Simple changes to your home and daily routines can make managing arthritis easier and reduce strain on your joints.

• Assistive devices – Jar openers, reachers, and adaptive utensils
• Ergonomic tools – Properly designed chairs, keyboards, and tools
• Home modifications
• Pacing activities – Balance activity with rest to avoid overexertion
• Stress management – Techniques like meditation, deep breathing, or yoga

40%

Reduction in pain with regular exercise and weight management